C12

The Boxer League of Shandong, as mentioned in the previous chapter, is here, that is to say, the origin, composition and cause of his rise.

This Boxer League was a popular private club in Shandong Province, and is believed to be related to traditional private groups such as the White Lotus Sect by some Qing people, which is accepted by most people nowadays. However, some people believe that it originated from a kind of royal organization.

They used the method of setting up a shrine, drawing talismans and asking the gods to gather in secret. They called it the "Boxing of Righteousness", which was mixed with the ignorant ingredients of teaching the believers that they were invulnerable to swords and spears.

In the beginning, the Boxers, like most of the Qing Dynasty's secret groups at the time, opposed the Manchu rule, and were suppressed with the slogan of "anti-Qing and resurgence". With the development of the recent history of China, the conflict between the western forces led by imperialist aggression replaced the dispute between the Chinese and the Han. The Boxers began to support the Qing Dynasty's resistance to the West, and changed its name to "Tiger Camp". The slogan was also changed to "To help Qing Yang perish" (first proposed by Zhao Sanduo in 1898).

The origin of the Boxer Rebellion is described as follows: 1. According to the White Lotus Cult, the representative of this view is "The Origin of the Boxer Sect". It is believed that the Boxer League originated from the White Lotus Sect. 2. The Big Sabre Society was a group of poor peasants in the northern part of the Qing Dynasty. The members practiced "Golden Bell Cover" and thought it invulnerable to swords and spears. It was also considered to be one of the origins of the Boxer League. 3. According to the township group, there are also some who believe that the Boxer League originated from the folk township group. 4. The Fist Club said that there were many civil society organizations spreading martial arts in the Qing Dynasty, such as Yi He Fist and Mei Hua Fist, especially the Yi He Fist, which had a strong folk religious color in its long-term development.

The composition of the Boxer Regiment was extremely complex. There were poor peasants, handicraft workers, urban poor people, peddlers and transport workers, as well as some government troops, rich gentry and even nobles. In the later stages, there were also many rogues mixed in, "from the princes to the princes, down to the prostitutes, almost no one is missing", which made the organization of the Boxer Regiment extremely loose, which did not allow them to concentrate their efforts against the enemy.

According to Chen Gui Zong's "Organization and Purpose of the Boxer League", the Boxer League is divided into three parts: 1. The altar is the basic unit of the Boxer League, also known as the mouth of the altar, and also known as the "factory", "furnace", "regiment", "public office" and so on. Generally, leaders would call him senior apprentice-brother. 2. The main altar is set up with the word "Kan" in Tianjin. The upper level unit of the altar. 3. Doors or groups shall be the units at the next higher level of the main altar. The Boxer group is divided into eight groups according to the position of the gossip, such as "Qiongmen", "Sunda" and so on. 4. The Boxer League is a loose organization made up of all the members of the Boxer League.

In addition, the Boxer League also has "red light", "blue light", "black light" (widows) and other women's organizations such as the flower light (prostitutes).

At the same time, this Boxer Regiment could be divided into an official group, a private group, and a fake group.

The so-called official body is to accept the recruitment of the Qing government, to sign up to the Qing government, to accept the leadership of the officials of the Qing government, to receive their food pay. The Board of Governors was recognized by the Qing government and was at its disposal. The official corps was recognized as a means for the Qing to control the Boxer Regiment.

The majority of the private groups are the spontaneous organization of the community, with a great deal of independence. Set up your own altar or engage in the "extermination of the sea" struggle.

"In general, the Boxers were a loose organization that almost everyone could join, but in reality, many of them had been suppressed by the Qing government in the name of a" bogus group "or" bogus group "." The fake group was divided into two cases. The first was that it failed to comply with the Qing government's rule and posed a threat to it, and was thus eliminated, which was the pretext for its suppression and annihilation of the Boxer League. Secondly, some of the undesirable elements even teach the people to pretend to be righteous and unruly, such as "those who are restless, or join the court, or emulate the dress code, fish and meat are good." The latter, as in the January issue of Tianjin, "The apostles dress themselves as bogus Boxers, seeking revenge and killing in every corner, especially in the western part of Beijing" (" The History of the Boxer League Movement ")," In the area of north China, the Catholics tend to dress up as bandits in the same way as they do, and make their way through a series of raids and robberies. " If there is one who has been caught and calls himself the Boxer League, the local magistrate will be released "(" The Record of the Gengzi").

As for the Boxer League's rapid development during this period, there are also reasons for this. 1. Extraterritorial legal power to override Chinese law. At the end of the century, Western missionaries were allowed to preach and form churches in China. Under extraterritorial law, not only the church's western clerics are not under the jurisdiction of the Qing government, but also the Chinese believers are often sheltered by the church. Local Christian churches clashed with local people for cultural, customs, and other reasons. Some of the local people were bullied, but the local government was often afraid of the Church's extraterritorial power and did not want to oppose the foreigners, so they failed to handle the situation. 2. Xenophobia. In the late Qing Dynasty, when the local economy of North China went bankrupt and the traditional social order broke down, people panicked and all kinds of secret societies rose up. In short, the church, the church, the foreigners and the foreign goods became the targets of hatred. 3. Incitement by conservative forces. In addition to missionary work, the church also promotes medical education, promotes the elimination of bad habits (such as pestering concubines), spreads new ideas (such as constitutionalism and democracy), and, like the reformist movement, inevitably arouses the hatred of the conservative forces. 4. Conflict with Confucianism. The Qing dynasty did not hold Confucianism high, but Confucianism had more than two thousand years of history in China, and its influence on Chinese people was deeply rooted. The values of people of all walks of life in Chinese society are deeply influenced by Confucianism. 5. Treatment of missionaries. These governments had invaded China, and missionaries were naturally unpopular. Generally speaking, the most unacceptable thing for these Chinese is that the missionaries entered China under the protection of the aggression treaty. Even more regrettable is the fact that some foreign Governments use the protection of missionaries as an excuse to start disputes. 6. The stimulation of nationalism. Between 1860 and 1899, as we have said above, there were three heresies: 48 in the Ten Years of Light (1884), 60 in the Twenty-First Year of Light (1895), and 77 in the Twenty-Fourth Year of Light (1898). It was mainly influenced by the events of the Sino-French war, the Sino-Japanese war of the afternoon, and the partition of the powers.

And as mentioned above, Li Cunyi, Big Saber King, and the others had organized a Boxing Club as a group. The main reason they initiated this group was because they could not bear to see the foreigners bully the Chinese people.

On the other hand, not long after the Saber King told Guo Kaishan about the test of the spear tomorrow, other martial artists found out about it! Although everyone disagreed with Guo Kaishan's words, after all, most of these martial artists were already at the hidden strength stage, and Guo Kaishan was just a ten-year-old child, how could he understand the profoundness of martial arts? However, everyone was very curious about why Guo Kaishan was able to use an ocean gun! We will only know the exact result tomorrow!

"Hmph! Ha!"

Before dawn, Guo Kaishan woke up early to practice his martial arts in the courtyard. Although Guo Kaishan had repeatedly explained the power of guns, he had never stopped practicing martial arts.

While Guo Kaishan practiced his Xing Yi Fist skill, the rest of the students also gradually got up and started practicing. When they saw that Guo Kaishan was fully immersed in practicing, they all nodded in satisfaction! Although everyone disagreed with Guo Kaishan's theory of "no matter how high one's martial arts was, one shot was enough to knock them out", but these people were all famous martial artists, and they had good judgement. Guo Kaishan who was only 10 years old was already quite amazing, and he woke up earlier than others every day!

After everyone had their meal, Guo Kaishan took out his own gun, wiped it, and corrected his aim. He then loaded ten bullets into the clip in front of him, tucked the gun into his waist, and covered it with a large cotton jacket!

Right after Guo Kaishan finished his preparations, his elder brother, Guo Kaiyuan, came to teach Guo Kaishan how to test his spear! Since most of the deep county was flat land, there was still a small hill five miles outside the village. Afterwards, Guo Haifeng, Li Caiyi, Wang Wu, and Cheng Tinghua, along with the Guo Brothers, arrived at the top of the hill!

"Dad, everyone, now the first program I'm going to show is to hit a white circle 100 meters away!" Arriving at the top of the hill, Guo Kaishan had drawn five circles on a tree with a diameter of 50 centimeters. After he finished painting, he led the group to a spot over 100 meters away, and then said to everyone!

"Bang!" The moment everyone heard Guo Kaishan's words, they saw Guo Kaishan pull out a short gun from his waist. Before anyone could react, he fired a shot towards the white circle in the distance.

"Yes!" It hit! It was still the smallest one! " After Guo Kaishan had finished firing his shot, Wang Yu Zhai rushed over to take a look, and actually hit the smallest of the five laps!

When the others heard Wang Yu Zhai's words, they immediately rushed over to take a look! This bullet hole was precisely on the innermost fist-sized circle! When everyone saw this, they sucked in a breath of cold air. Guo Kaishan had only taken a few blinks of an eye to reach the target, and he was a hundred meters away. If they didn't know beforehand, then not many of them would have been confident of dodging this shot!

"Little Tiger, this target is dead, of course it's easy to hit! However, the martial arts of your Martial Uncles and Uncles have not been learned in vain! " Although Guo Haifeng knew Guo Kaishan's shooting skills were quite impressive, he had never imagined it to be this powerful! Guo Haifeng said stubbornly after taking a deep breath!

"Hahaha, Father, I knew you would say that! Brother, where are the two porcelain plates I asked you to bring?! Brother, take it and walk to a spot around thirty meters away, and then throw it towards the sky! " When Guo Kaishan heard his father's words, not only did he not oppose, he even turned to his big brother, Guo Kaiyuan!

After Guo Kaiyuan heard his younger brother's orders, he did exactly as Guo Kaishan had instructed, about thirty meters away from him, and threw the plates into the air. Guo Kaiyuan had instructed his younger brother to throw the plates into the air, but when Guo Kaiyuan saw that the other martial artists were shocked by Guo Kaishan's order, he did not do as he was told, but rather threw the two plates together!